Online published on 28 February, 2020.
The working population of India is mainly working in two segments, viz. organize sector and unorganized sector and it is noticed that contribution of unorganized economy is more in terms of economic well-being of the country and nearly 90% of the total workforce is directly or indirectly engaged in unorganized sectors to maintain their livelihood. The living and working conditions of the workers are judged using a questionnaire and collecting data from the target respondents. Fourteen different statements have been framed and used to judge the opinion of the workers engaged in these two sectors. With the help of t test technique each of the response to these statements are examined and the results are enumerated subsequently. The study reveals that irrespective of the sector where they are working, some of the factors are common in nature. Factors like lack of fund for education for the children, unhygienic workplaces, lack of training, lack of technology enabled services, inadequate compensation, job insecurity etc. are important and quite common in both the sectors. Even though the organized sector workers are in better position compared to unorganized sector, still they are also facing the heat related to job insecurity and uncertainty. Lack of income generating opportunities in rural areas is another reason that is forcing a section of the workforce to move from one place to another in search of better employment opportunities.
The thesis identified some basic areas where both the organized and unorganized sector can work. It is identified that women participation in the unorganized sector is more and they are exploited in various ways. Most of the time women members are participating in household works for which they are not being paid. This is an area where adequate care should be given. Skill gap among the employees are quite high among the employees of both the groups. Skill upgradation is must for the employees, as it will help to improve the productivity. Cost is an important factor but it will certainly give long-term benefits. There are various government sponsored skill development training are going on and the organizations can take the benefits of the same. There is a need to make necessary changes in the existing labour laws as well. It is a fact that most of the organizations are taking contractual roots to avoid the existing labour laws, whichare more beneficial for theworkers. If moreand moresectors are in theunorganized sector, then the exploitation of the workforce will continue. On the other hand, organizations in the unorganized sectors are not entitled to get any kind of benefits, credit and working capital, government subsidies. Considering this aspect proper regulation may be developed for the growth of the unorganized sector. On the contrary, organized sectors are create adequate facilities at their workplace so that they are able to retain the best talents available in the market. It is important to understand that if the employees are satisfied then only they are going to deliver as per the expectation. The thesis also suggested that adequate facilities might be developed at the rural areas to stop migration of the people to nearest urban areas.
Both organized and unorganized sectors are integral part of the economy. Countries like India, the percentage contribution of unorganized sector will be more as it has the capacity to absorb a large scale of unskilled manpower. This may be helpful to reduce the rate of unemployment but in the long-run it will have a negative impact on the long-term growth on the economy. Total changeover of existing system may not be possible; but a change in working and living conditions may be possible provided theadequate policymeasures are taken into considerations. Involvements of all the stakeholders are equally important. Neither it is possible for the government to implement all the necessary changes nor it is possible adopt all the changes suggested in the thesis. This thesis may provide a guideline to bring parity among the sectors. Along with the government, other stakeholders should also participate in this change over process so that a new model can be developed. The new system will help to create growth of the organization as well as growth of the workforce and more precisely, it will help to improve the growth of the economy.
