Pest Management in Horticultural Ecosystems

Extensive and intensive cultivation grape (Vitis vinifera L.) attract diverse pests in different countries. Introduction of grape varieties from one country to another also aid the distribution pests. A total of 40 vertebrates (Birds-27, bat-2, snails and slugs -5, rodents-6) was record as pests of grapes in different countries. Among them birds and bats are known to cuse significant damage. Mites numbering 41 and nematodes numbering 113 were recored as pests of grapes. A total of 459 insects (Dermaptera-2, Orthoptera-17, Isopteran-12, Hemiptera-116, Thysanoptera-34, Lepidoptera-106, Diptera-12, Hymenoptera-26, Coleoptra-134) are known to attack different parts of grapevine. Overall 653 pests are known to damage the crop in different grape growing regions of the world. Pest damage varies from minor effects to complete loss of crop, and in some instances the death of the vine. The check list will be useful in planning pest management programme in different countries.