Baseline toxicity evaluation of new insecticide molecules against Spodoptera litura (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in cole crops

Spodoptera litura (F.), poses a significant threat to the productivity and quality of cole crops such as cabbage, cauliflower, and broccoli. In this study evaluated the baseline toxicity of seven novel insecticides was evaluated against S. litura populations from the F₁ and F₆ generations using the leaf dip bioassay method. The insecticides evaluated were emamectin benzoate, indoxacarb, spinosad, Lambda cyhalothrin, chlorfenapyr, cyantraniliprole, and chlorfluazuron. Among the F₁ generation, emamectin benzoate exhibited the highest toxicity (LC₅₀: 0.93 μg/mL), followed closely by Spinosad (LC₅₀: 1.03 μg/mL) and Indoxacarb (LC₅₀: 1.13 μg/mL), whereas Lambda cyhalothrin showed the lowest toxicity (LC₅₀: 60.21 μg/mL). In the F₆ generation, indoxacarb emerged as the most toxic insecticide (LC₅₀: 0.39 μg/ mL), followed by emamectin benzoate (LC₅₀: 0.57 μg/mL) and Cyantraniliprole (LC₅₀: 0.68 μg/mL), with Lambda cyhalothrin remaining the least effective (LC₅₀: 34.76 μg/mL). The baseline toxicity data generated contributing to resistance management programs.