Effect of azadirachtin-rich neem formulation, Neem Jeevan Triguard (NJT, with 60000 ppm azadirachtin content) on growth and development of Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera litura were studied under controlled conditions using artificial diet surface incorporation technique. The larval mortality up to pupation increased with increase in concentrations of NJT with LC50 of 16.2 ppm and 0.42 ppm for H. armigera and S. litura, respectively at 6 days of exposure. NJT affected the larval and pupal survival and adult emergence in a dose-dependent manner and induced deformities in the developing larvae, pupae and adults. Growth index for H. armigera and S. litura was 10 and 16 times lower than that of control at higher concentration.
Azadirachtin, Helicoverpa armigera, Spodoptera litura, growth and development
