Residues of Flupyradifurone on Apple Fruits and Soil

Persistence of flupyradifurone and its metabolites is reported in apple fruit and soil under field conditions in different locations of Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir. Four orchards were selected at Matiana and Thanedhar (H.P.) to study the persistence and two orchards at Youngora and Lassipora (J & K) to study the harvest time residues during the year 2015. Flupyradifurone was sprayed twice at 20 d interval @ 400 (single dose) and 800 (double dose) g a.i ha⁻¹. Combined residual concentrations of flupyradifurone and its metabolite difluoroacetic acid (DFA) were considered as flupyradifurone. Except DFA, no other metabolite was detected during analysis. Residues of DFA were detected on 3^rd day and were below determination level of 0.05 mg kg⁻¹ on 10^th day of fruit sampling. The initial deposits of flupyradifurone at single and double dosage were 1.916 and 2.765 mg kg⁻¹ and 1.294 and 2.331 mg kg⁻¹ on apple fruit at Matiana and Thanedhar, respectively. At harvest, the residues in fruits as well as soil were below determination level for fluopyradifurone at all the four locations. Half-life (RL₅₀) was found to be 3.0 and 4.1 d at single and double doses, respectively.