Optimizing duck (Anas platyrhynchos) release for weed and insect pest control under integrated rice (Oryza sativa) based farming system

Rearing of ducks in rice-based farming system has multiple advantages which is not exploited due to misconception that ducks damage rice crop. This study was conducted at Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai during 2021 to evaluate duck release as an alternative for non-chemical weed and pest management in rice. Ducks were released in pairs of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 in an area of 10 m² for 3 hours of stable time and were evaluated for weed density, insect counts and for reduction in beneficial insect in paddy fields. Results highlighted a definite decrease in weed and insect counts over control with weed control efficiency as high as 85.5% and insect pest control efficiency of 74.50% over control while decreased the beneficiary insect population by two-fold. Based on the results, it could be concluded that, ducks released @ 8 nos. for 10 m² for a duration of 3 h were sufficient to effectively control the weed and insect pest population during 30–40 days after transplanting in rice. Further examination is required in quantifying the optimum duck release per hectare and in situ feed available under rice + duck combination to ensure sustainable and profitable farming system.