Physiological and phyto-pathological assessment scion-rootstock combinations for apple cv. Aport and M. sieversii

Rootstocks play an important role in the life of fruit crops. The full realization of the potential of the variety depends on them, such as physiological capabilities, drought resistance, winter hardiness, productivity, durability and fruiting rate. To determine the best scion-rootstock combinations physiological and phyto-pathological assessment scion-rootstock combinations for apple cv. ‘Aport’ and M. sieversii were studied. The experiment was carried out from February 2019 to July 2022 in the experimental orchard of Kazakh Fruit and Vegetable Research Institute. In the experimental garden (2015 y. planted) the physiological studies of the water homeostasis, adaptive potential, ecological status, and coefficient stress were carried out in dynamics. High adaptive homeostatic coefficients and a good ecological state were observed in forms No. 1, 8, 11 and No. 9 throughout the growing season. The robustness of these forms was on an average 38% higher than that of the No. 2, 3, 4 and No. 7. The maximum fetal weight was 270 g. According to biochemical analysis, forms No. 2, 11 and No. 9 differed in the amount of vitamin C and total sugar. Scab and powdery mildew are common ‘Aport’ diseases. Forms No. 11, 2, 10 are the most resistant rootstock-scion combinations. To conclude, No. 8, 9 and No. 11 were considered as highly adaptive, productive, rapid fruiting and resistant to biotic and abiotic factors, free-subsurface factors. These varieties were collected from the Reserves of State National Parks of Kazakhstan.