Research on Crops

To obtain quality products, it is necessary to cultivate high-yielding varieties that are adaptable to the Almaty region's conditions and resistant to disease development. In apple orchards, scab (Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G. Wint.) and powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha (Ellis & Everhart) Salmon) can result in low fruit production and poor quality, and premature fruit fall can also occur. The work involved identifying a fungal disease in the apple orchard PF Khoram in Khoram village in the Almaty region. The garden was populated with ‘Gala’, ‘Fuji’, ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Quinte’, ‘Red Delicious’, ‘Divo’, ‘Korey’, and ‘stark's Earliest’ varieties. The ‘Gala’ variety has been planted in 1.5 hectares of land and 1600 trees have been put into the field. It was found that 22.29% of the trees in the garden where Golden Delicious is grown are infected with scab, while 28.71% have powdery mildew. The average growth rate of scab on leaves of ‘Gala’, ‘Golden Delicious’, and ‘stark's Earliest’ decreased from 6.86 to 8.82% (1 point). ‘Gala’, ‘Fuji’, ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Red Delicious’ leaves were found to have powdery mildew on 0.76-2.5% of their leaves. ‘Golden Delicious’ leaves had an average infection rate of 10.75% and it was moderately resistant (2 points). Based on the phytosanitary result, in 2023, scab spread was 16-20% in the areas planted by the PF “Khoram” farm, while the prevalence of powdery mildew in the valley fluctuates within a range of 1.9-30%. According to the results of a three-year phytopathological evaluation, it was found that the varieties ‘Quinte’, ‘Golden Delicious’, ‘Korey’ and 'stark's Earliest’ have high resistance to powdery mildew. Clear measures can be developed to combat scab and powdery mildew disease and maintain product quality, based on the results obtained. Varieties that have proven highly resistant to the pathogen can be recommended as donors in the selection of immunity.