RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORMS AND TECHNOLOGY

Use of ultrasound to accelerate reactions has proved to be especially effective method for achieving the green chemistry goals of waste minimization and energy requirements. Ultrasonic irradiation applications are playing an growing role in chemical processes, especially in cases where traditional methods require drastic conditions or prolonged reaction times. Taking account ultrasound and the origin of its effects on chemical reactions, a total of fourty-two studies of preparation of azoles under ultrasonic irradiation conditions are reviewed. Such reports were classified according to the number of heteroatoms present in the ring (2, 3 or 4) and each group subdivided by azole which includes the class of oxadiazole and thiazole. Research has shown in medicinal chemistry that compounds with biological activity are mostly dependent upon heterocyclic structures. Azoles and their derivatives in particular have attracted growing interest as versatile intermediates for the synthesis of biologically active compounds such as potent antitumors, antibacterial, antiviral, and antioxidants. Azoles are a broad class of 5-membered heterocyclic ring compounds with at least one nitrogen atom in their structure and one heteroatom in it. Because of the broad range of biological activities ascribed to structurally distinct azoles, the construction of this type of molecule has received considerable attention.