A review on an insight into the nipah virus infection in human

Nipah is a viral infection from the zoonotic virus transmitted through contaminated food or directly contact between infected people. The natural host of virus is fruit bats of the Pteropodidae Family, Pteropus genus. Although nipah has very less known outbreaks in asia but fatality rate is 40% to 75%. This rate can vary depending on local capabilities for epidemiological surveillance and clinical management. The signs and symptoms of infection ranges from asymptomatic infection to acuate respiratory infection and fatal encephalitis. The incubation period is in the range of 4 to 14 days but it might be as long as 45 days as reported. The diagnosis can be done by clinical history during the acuate and convalescent phase of the disease. The main test used for diagnosis include polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from body fluids and antibody detection via enzyme linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA). There are no currently treatment for infection (no specific drug or vaccine). The primary treatment for human is supportive care.