Solubility enhancement of poorly soluble drug by using different techniques

Solubility is the process of a solid dissolving in a liquid phase, resulting in a homogeneous system. Solubility is a crucial characteristic for achieving the appropriate drug concentration in the systemic circulation and demonstrating pharmacological response. Drugs that are poorly water soluble require substantial dosages to achieve therapeutic plasma concentrations following oral administration. Low aqueous solubility is a major issue in the development of novel chemical entities’ formulations. Any medicine that needs to be absorbed must be in the form of an aqueous solution at the absorption site. For liquid medicinal compositions, water is the preferred solvent. The majority of medications are weakly acidic and basic, with low water solubility. Micronization, chemical modification, pH adjustment, solid dispersion, complexation, cosolvency, micellar solubilization, hydrotropy, and other procedures are used to increase the solubility of weakly water-soluble pharmaceuticals. The goal of this review paper is to present solubilization approaches for achieving optimal absorption and increased bioavailability.