Exploration of the phytochemical, antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity profile of a polyherbal formulation used to manage covid-19 in Kajiado, Kenya

This study aimed at exploring the phytochemical composition, anti-microbial activity, antioxidant potential, and cytotoxicity of different crude extracts of a herbal formulation proposed for its potential therapeutic efficacy against COVID-19. The formulation, a dried powder of selected medicinal plants known for treating respiratory ailments, underwent extraction with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Phytochemical tests revealed alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, steroids, glycosides, saponins, terpenoids and tannins in the methanolic extract. Hexane tested positive for all except for tannins and glycosides while ethyl acetate extracts only tested negative for tannins. Quantitative analysis showed significant levels of terpenoids, saponins, and alkaloids. Antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi was observed in all three extracts, comparable to positive controls. The formulation displayed antioxidant potential via DPPH free radical scavenging, comparable to ascorbic acid. Cytotoxicity assessment using brine shrimp lethality assay indicated an acceptable profile when compared to Vincristine sulphate. These findings provide scientific evidence supporting the prospects of this formulation as a potential source of novel anti-biotics against the rising cases of multi-drug-resistant organisms which subsequently peaked during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, further research is required to understand its mechanisms, efficacy, and safety in clinical settings.