A review on the role of Acacia nilotica in topical formulation for skin therapeutics

Acacia nilotica (Linn.), generally known as Babul or Gum Arabic tree, is a multipurpose plant from the Fabaceae family with significant ethnopharmacological importance. It is widely spread in tropical and subtropical regions and used widely in traditional medicine for its remarkable therapeutic properties. This review article explores the botanical features, phytochemical composition, and pharmacological activities of A. nilotica, highlighting its potential role in topical formulations for skin therapeutics. The plant comprises bioactive compounds such as tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and essential fatty acids, contributing to its antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing properties. Studies on various extracts, including ethanolic and methanolic, reveal their effectiveness in wound healing, burn treatment, and antibacterial applications. Innovative topical formulations like gels and creams prepared from different parts of the plant, including bark, leaves, and pods, reveal significant potential in managing skin ailments such as infections, burns, and chronic wounds. The review highlights the plant's antioxidant capacity, ability to accelerate epithelialization, and role in reducing inflammation and bacterial infections, thus validating its use in traditional and modern medicine. With its various pharmacological activities and safe profile, A. nilotica holds promise as a natural therapeutic agent for the development of advanced topical formulations.