Review on liquid crystal

Liquid crystals (LC) resemble liquids but have ordered structure similar to crystalline solids. There are two sorts of LCs based on their generation method. Thermotropic LCs AND Lyotropic LCs Thermotropic compounds are formed by temperature changes in liquids, while lyotropic compounds are made by dissolving them in specific solvents. Both options provide enough molecular mobility for molecules to change locations and reorient themselves, resulting in the formation of LC phases. Thermotropic liquid crystals are typically single-compound systems, whereas lyotropic liquid crystals are solutions made up of many compounds, including solute and solvent This review article focuses on the significance of pharmaceutical liquid crystals in the development of targeted drug delivery systems. This review aims to provide comprehensive information on pharmaceutical liquid crystal technology, including the most recent and sophisticated developments. pharmaceuticals, liquid crystals have demonstrated immense potential in drug delivery systems, enabling controlled release, improved bioavailability, and targeted delivery of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Techniques such as polarized light microscopy (PLM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) are instrumental in characterizing liquid crystal phases and structures. Furthermore, innovations in LC-based transdermal systems and responsive drug carriers have paved the way for next-generation therapeutic strategies. This review explores the classification, applications, advantages, and methods of characterization of liquid crystals, with a focus on their latest developments in pharmaceutical technology. The integration of liquid crystals into pharmaceutical formulations signifies a transformative approach toward precision medicine and enhanced therapeutic outcomes.