Efficacy of Standardized Ginkgo biloba Extract in Cognitive Enhancement for Alzheimer’s patients

The purpose of this review article is to comprehensively evaluate the efficacy of standardised Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) in enhancing cognition in Alzheimer's disease (AD) individuals. Ginkgo biloba, derived from the leaves of the Ginkgo tree, has a long-standing history of use for its neuroprotective and cognitive-enhancing properties. As the global prevalence of AD continues to rise and effective treatments remain limited, there is increasing interest in alternative and adjunctive therapies such as Ginkgo biloba. Research from preclinical studies and clinical trials suggests that Ginkgo biloba may exert its neuroprotective effects through multiple mechanisms, including antioxidant activity, reduction of neuroinflammation, and improved cerebral blood flow. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies indicate modest benefits in cognitive performance and a potential slowdown in disease progression, particularly in patients with mild-to-moderate AD. However, the results are inconsistent, largely due to variations in study design, dosages, and formulations. Meta-analyses highlight the necessity for standardized protocols to determine consistent efficacy. Ginkgo biloba shows promise as an adjunctive therapy for cognitive impairment in AD, offering a favourable safety profile and good tolerability. Nonetheless, there is a need for larger, multicentre, long-term studies to establish optimal dosages, treatment durations, and which patient subgroups are most likely to benefit. Gaining insight into its molecular mechanisms and exploring personalized treatment approaches could effectively bridge the gap between traditional herbal medicine and modern neurotherapeutics.