Cassia fistula Linn: A Review of Phytochemical and Pharmacology Studies (Amaltas)

Cassia fistula Linn, belonging to the family Leguminosae and subfamily Caesalpiniaceae, is a widely used medicinal plant commonly referred to as Indian Laburnum or the Yellow Shower tree due to its bright yellow, hanging flower clusters. Native to tropical Asia, it is also cultivated in countries such as South Africa, Mexico, Brazil, and parts of East Africa. Traditionally, various parts of the plant have been used in the treatment of abdominal and glandular tumors, liver disorders, and throat cancer. It is also known for its effectiveness in managing burns, epilepsy, constipation, diarrhea, dysuria, convulsions, and skin conditions including leprosy and syphilis. In Ayurvedic medicine, it is recognized for its carminative and laxative properties. Phytochemical analyses have revealed the presence of several bioactive compounds, particularly phenolics, tannins, flavonoids, and glycosides. These contribute to its wide spectrum of pharmacological effects such as antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antifertility, hepatoprotective, and antitumor activities. This review presents a detailed summary of the plant's morphology, ethnomedicinal applications, phytochemical constituents, and therapeutic potential, highlighting its importance in traditional and modern medicine.