Interplay between renal dysfunction and cardiovascular complications: A focus on myocardial infarction and dietary approaches

For patients suffering from end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major source of morbidity and mortality. This population's CV risk is greatly increased by the interaction of non-traditional risk factors like inflammation, oxidative stress, and aberrant calcium-phosphate levels with classic risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Early detection and care are crucial since the prevalence of CV problems increases significantly as CKD advances to ESRD. Results have frequently been less than ideal despite efforts to reduce CV risk using standard therapies and dialysis techniques, especially because of the intricate relationships that exist between traditional risk factors and malnutrition in CKD patients. Nutritional control, especially with renal diets, is essential for controlling CV risk factors since it treats proteinuria, insulin resistance, anemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Certain dietary strategies, such as the high-protein, high-phosphorus keto diet, have demonstrated potential to improve CV outcomes by postponing the start of dialysis and maintaining residual renal function.