Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics

Acne vulgaris is a common skin condition, especially among teens and young adults, caused by factors such as follicular irregularities, increased sebum production, the presence of Propionibacterium acnes (now Cutibacterium acnes), and inflammation. Conventional treatments include antibacterial agents like erythromycin, clindamycin, and benzoyl peroxide, which help reduce bacterial populations. Plant-based secondary metabolites also offer antibacterial properties, and betel leaf (Piper betle Linn) extracts—known for their antibacterial and antifungal effects—are being explored as natural acne treatments. When formulated into creams, these extracts may be more effective, as the formulation influences the absorption of active ingredients. The aim of this study is to determine the most effective concentration of betel leaf ethanol extract cream in inhibiting P. acnes growth. Acne appears to have a strong genetic component, with studies showing a 98% concordance in twins and evidence suggesting a polygenic inheritance pattern. It often begins with non-inflammatory comedones that progress as the epithelial lining breaks down and the body initiates repair, leading to various acne lesions. While hereditary factors play a significant role, more epidemiological research is needed. Early intervention, especially in children with a family history of acne, could help manage the condition more effectively. Additionally, betel leaf methanol extract has shown antibacterial activity against pathogens like E. coli, B. cereus, P. aeruginosa, and S. typhi, suggesting broader medicinal potential.