Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics

Headaches, particularly primary headaches like migraines and tension-type headaches are among the most prevalent neurological disorders globally. These conditions, though often overlooked due to their episodic nature and lack of mortality, significantly impact public health by reducing quality of life and increasing healthcare costs. The review explores the etiology, pathophysiology, and therapeutic approaches for primary headaches, emphasizing the mechanisms underlying tension-type headaches and migraines. Furthermore, the paper examines the pharmacological and herbal treatments used for headache relief, highlighting the role of ssynthetic drugs such as NSAIDs and serotonin receptor agonists, alongside traditional remedies like Clitoria ternatea. This plant, rich in anthocyanins and other bioactive compounds, offers anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties, which make it a potential adjunctive treatment for headache management. By integrating both modern and traditional approaches, the review underscores the complexity of headache disorders and the necessity for multifaceted therapeutic strategies.