Cortisol Imbalance and Weight Gain

Cortisol, a glucocorticoid hormone secreted by the adrenal glands, plays a critical role in maintaining homeostasis in response to physical and psychological stress. Chronic imbalance in cortisol levels, whether excessive or deficient, has been increasingly associated with metabolic disturbances, particularly weight gain and obesity. Elevated cortisol levels can promote visceral fat deposition, stimulate appetite, and alter insulin sensitivity, thereby contributing to an obesogenic environment. This paper explores the physiological role of cortisol, mechanisms leading to its imbalance, and how this dysregulation contributes to weight gain. We further review clinical evidence, diagnostic criteria, and current therapeutic approaches targeting cortisol normalization and metabolic health.