A Review on Ocular Drug Delivery System

Ocular drug delivery remains one of the major challenges in pharmaceutical research due to the complex anatomy and physiology of the eye. The eye, being a delicate and highly protected organ responsible for vision, presents various barriers that hinder effective drug absorption. The purpose of ocular drug delivery systems is to achieve therapeutic concentrations of drugs at the target site while minimizing systemic exposure and side effects. This review discusses the anatomy of the eye relevant to drug delivery, various routes of ocular administration, physiological barriers, dosage forms, and recent advancements in ocular delivery technologies. The advantages, limitations, and marketed products for different ocular dosage forms are also reviewed. The review further highlights recent innovations such as in-situ gels, nanoparticles, and implants, which offer controlled and sustained release profiles for improved therapeutic efficacy.