In-Vitro Anti-Coagulant Activity of Ethyl Acetate and Aqueous Extract of Syzygium cumini Leaves on Normal Blood Plasma

The present research was undertaken to evaluate the in-vitro anticoagulant activity of aqueous and ethyl acetate leaf extracts of Syzygium cumini. The plant leaves were collected, shade-dried, powdered, and subjected to extraction using distilled water and ethyl acetate. The obtained extracts were screened for phytochemical constituents, which revealed the presence of carbohydrates, tannins, flavonoids, and glycosides, indicating the potential biological activity of the plant. The anticoagulant activity was determined by Prothrombin Time (PT) method using platelet-poor plasma isolated from healthy human volunteers. Plasma samples were treated with different concentrations of plant extracts ranging from 0.125 g/ml to 1 g/ml, and the clotting time was observed after the addition of calcium chloride. The findings demonstrated that both aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts significantly prolonged the prothrombin time in a concentration-dependent manner. The aqueous extract showed the highest anticoagulant activity, increasing the clotting time up to 48 minutes and 02 seconds at a concentration of 1 g/ml, whereas the ethyl acetate extract extended the clotting time to 45 minutes and 57 seconds at the same concentration. These results were notably higher compared to the normal control clotting time of 8 minutes and 16 seconds. The enhanced anticoagulant potential may be attributed to phenolic compounds and flavonoids that are known to inhibit clotting factor activation or chelate calcium ions essential for blood coagulation. Result: The normal plasma exhibited clot formation within 8 minutes and 16 seconds, indicating a normal physiological response. When plasma was treated with the standard anticoagulant (EDTA), the clotting time increased to 23 minutes and 14 seconds, confirming test accuracy. Upon treatment with plant extracts, the clotting time increased progressively with concentration. The aqueous extract produced the highest clotting time of 48 minutes and 02 seconds at 1 g/ml, while the ethyl-acetate extract prolonged clotting to 45 minutes and 57 seconds. This indicates a strong dose-dependent anticoagulant effect, with aqueous extract showing greater potency due to higher solubility and concentration of phenolic compounds in water.