Antioxidants Therapy in Cognitive Dysfunction Associated with Diabetes Mellitus: An Overview

Diabetic complications, characterized by endothelial dysfunction. There is growing evidence that excess generation of highly reactive free radicals, largely due to hyperglycemia, causes oxidative stress. Overproduction free radicals result in vascular dysfunction, damage to cellular proteins, membrane lipids and nucleic acids. As our understanding of the mechanisms of free radical generation evolves, it is becoming clear that rather than merely scavenging reactive radicals, a more comprehensive approach aimed at preventing the generation of these reactive species as well as scavenging may prove more beneficial. Endogenous antioxidant defenses are both nonenzymatic (e.g., uric acid, glutathione, bilirubin, thiols, albumin, and nutritional factors, including vitamins and phenols) and enzymatic (e.g., the superoxide dismutase's, the glutathione peroxides [GSHPx], and catalyses).So that there is use of antioxidants must be used for future beneficial. Therefore, new strategies with classic as well as new antioxidants should be implemented, to prevent cognitive dysfunction associated with diabetes mellitus.