Preparation and Physico-chemical Characterization of Kushta-e-sadaf, A Traditional Unani Formulation

Kushta-e-sadaf is a traditional Unani medicinal preparation. It was prepared as per the method mentioned in Unani formulary. The changes occurring during process of kushta formation were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results were supported by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) studies and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). The study shows that the raw material sadaf (pearl mother shell) is a mineral-organic matrix containing calcium carbonate in aragonite form and which during the process of kushta formation is converted to calcite form with decreased organic content and small percentage of calcium oxide. Physical evaluation reveals that, kushta-e-sadaf is a fine grayish white powder with average particle size of 20.5 μm, bulk density 0.918, tapped density 1.268 and angle of repose 35.47°.The value of Carr's index is 46.10. Qualitative-quantitative determination indicates calcium content of the kushta, to be 39.67%. Trace element analysis of kushta by ICP revealed the presence of some other important metals like arsenic, lead, chromium, cadmium, mercury, tin under acceptable limits at prescribed dose. Microbial load for the formulation was found to be within limits.