1Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia
2Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), 21300 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia
The muscles of the thigh are important in the functioning of the lower extremity. The main muscles of the lower limb that is effectively involved in the biomechanics of the lower limb are the quadriceps femoris and hamstring. Many researchers have investigated the activity of these muscles during various daily activities and exercises. The main focus of this review is to highlight the anatomy of these muscles, the methodology of measuring the activity of these muscles and researches that have measured the activity of these muscles in different strengthening exercises that were commonly used in rehabilitation of people with orthopedic crises. The main articles that were included in the review were those in which the exercises such as static quadriceps, inner range quadriceps, straight leg raise, active knee extension and semi squat were performed and the activity of quadriceps femoris and hamstrings were measured. Electromyography (EMG) analysis provides information on the relative amount of muscular activity during the exercise. The main muscles that were reviewed were those of the vastus medialis oblique, vastus lateralis, rectus femoris and biceps femoris. This review has highlighted the importance of the exercises that were frequently advised for patients with orthopedic problems and the activity of the muscles during the exercises. There are evidences that the strength of the thigh muscles influence the quality of life an individual. The level of activity of the muscles is evident from this review and it could give a clear idea on the exercises that could be performed in order to strengthen an individual muscle.
Quadriceps femoris, Hamstrings, Strengthening Exercise, Electromyography
