A Mini Review on Environmental Contaminant induced Programmed cell Death in Fruit Fly

Any organism can exhibit cell death through two prominent processes, programmed cell death (also known as Apoptosis) or uncontrolled cell death (necrosis), although, several other forms of cell death have been evident by which a cell can die through various pathways. The morphological changes in the structure of the cell are the major character of apoptosis in an organism along with a series of enzyme dependent biochemical process and cascade of cellular events. Compromised apoptosis resultant accumulation of damaged cells in the body can result in various forms of cancer. Industrial waste and agriculture pesticides are major resources for environmental contaminants like chromium (Cr), paraquat, and rotenone. These contaminants cause different health problems (respiratory and neurodegenerative disorders). In this review, we have taken a brief account on apoptosis caused by environmental contaminant like chromium, paraquat, and rotenone using Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) as an alternative to animal model and also we discussed various approaches by an organism against apoptosis for ultimate survival.