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*Corresponding Author E-mail: nafisahandi23@gmail.com
Kojic acid is a metabolite of Acetobacter, Asperigillus, and Penicillium fungi species that can prevent skin hyperpigmentation. Kojic acid is prepared in ethosome vesicles to increase its penetration into the skin and reduce the irritant effect. The aim of this research was to obtain the optimum content of kojic acid in ethosome vesicles.
Kojic acid at a concentration of 1% was prepared in ethosome vesicles by hot (40°C) and cold methods (30°C). Phosphatidylcholine concentrations during vesicle formation were 2% and 3%. Ethanol concentrations as penetration enhancer were 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, and 40%. Characterizations of vesicles included analysis of shape and size by using optical microscope and efficiency of entrapment was measured by using spectrophotometer at λ max 268nm. Kojic acid content that was optimized was 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5%.
The best formula obtained was phosphatidylcholine 2% and ethanol 40% which were prepared by the hot method. Shape of ethosome vesicles was large unilamellar vesicle, the smallest size was 281 nm and entrapment efficiency were 47.7%. The optimum content of kojic acid was 2% with 429.6 nm for size and entrapment efficiency was 73.0%.
We conclude that kojic acid can be used in preparation of ethosome vesicles and future research may use this approach for clinical research.
Ethosome vesicles, Heat and cold methods, Kojic acid
