Red Moringa oleifera leaf fermentation extract protecting hepatotoxicity in balb/c mice injected with Salmonella typhi through Nrf-2, HO-1, and SOD-2 signaling pathways

Oxidative stress can occur due to an imbalance between increased free radical production and a decrease in antioxidant capacity. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) excess will react with biological macromolecules either proteins or DNA and potentially damage hepatocytes. Nrf-2 activations can trigger the expression of anti-oxidative enzymes, such as HO-1 and SOD-2, which have important role in preventing inflammation. The purpose of this study was to look at the expressions of Nrf-2, HO-1, SOD-2, and histopathological features of Balb/C mice injected with Salmonella typhi after fermented extract administration of red Moringa oleifera. Data were analyzed by SPSS 22.0 ANOVA (p < 0.05) and followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The results showed that fermented extract of red Moringa oleifera leaves could act as an immunomodulatory agent characterized by increased expressions of Nrf-2, HO-1, and SOD-2. Here, we also showed the histology improvement in Salmonella-injected mice after received fermented extract of red Moringa oleifera.