Gingival Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Chitosan Scaffold to Accelerate Alveolar Bone Remodelling in Periodontitis: A Narrative Review

Periodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory disease in the periodontal tissue. In Indonesia, the prevalence of chronic periodontitis with alveolar bone defect ranging from 80%. Thus, definitive treatment of periodontitis is necessary. A combination of Chitosan Scaffold and Gingival Mesenchymal Stem Cell (GMSC) can be used as an alternative treatment. Chitosan scaffold is chosen because it is biocompatible, non-toxic good bio-mechanic properties and characterized as tissue engineering material. GMSC is chosen because it is easily isolated with minimal invasive method, it also possesses a multipotent differentiation of mesenchymal lineages, and it can accelerate bone remodeling in alveolar bone defect. This narrative review summarized the potential combination of GMSC and Chitosan scaffold to ameliorate alveolar bone defect in periodontitis. GMSC possesses an ability to differentiate into osteogenic lineage. The combination between chitosan scaffold/and GMSCs may increase alveolar bone remodeling rate. The combination of GMSC and Chitosan scaffold can be a promising approach and therapy in alveolar bone defect due to periodontitis by accelerating alveolar bone remodeling.