Naringin: Sources, Chemistry, Toxicity, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacological Evidences, Molecular Docking and Cell line Study

Flavonoids have a propensity to be the essential natural ingredients with various biological activities. The citrus fruits represent a big series of flavonoids. Naringin, a natural flavanone glycoside, found principally in grapes, tomatoes and citrus fruits. The aglycone naringenins exhibit strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Naringin is helpful for the treatment of obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure and metabolic syndrome. A series of molecular mechanisms underlying its helpful activities are elucidated. Some modulating signaling pathways and interaction of Naringin with signaling molecules are elaborated. Naringin represented wide range of pharmacological activities like anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. It also exhibited effects on bone regeneration, metabolic syndrome, oxidative stress, genetic injury and the diseases associated with central nervous system. Some of the reported molecular docking, cell line studies along with the controlled release nanogel formulations development of of naringin were also discussed.