Phytochemistry and pharmacological exploration of Chenopodium album: Current and future perspectives

The Chenopodium album commonly recognized as bathua classified into Chenopodiaceae family, which was widely spread across around globe. Mainly the genre Chenopodium comprises of 21 species was available in India, mainly in parts of Kullu valley, western Rajasthan and Shimla. The plant contains various phytoconstituents such as 3 hydroxy nonadecyl henicosanoate, Isolariciresinol 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside phytol, n-hexadecanoic acid, 1-hexyl-2-nitrocyclohexane, ergosta-5, 24,28 dien-3-ol, 3β- hexatriacontane, 2H-pyran, 2-(7-heptadecynyloxy) tetrahydro, di-n-octyl phthalate, squalene, heptacosane, tetratetracontane, Kaempferol 3-O-β-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-xylosylglucoside, lupeol, β -sitosterol, ascorbic acid which are helpful in treatment of certain aliments such as anticancer, hepatoprotective, analgesic activity, antimicrobial, anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, contraceptive, antinociceptive activity, anti-diarrheal, antidiabetic, Immunomodulatory, herbicidal activity, larvicidal etc. The current review article is an effort to provide comprehensive information as per the available literature on acute toxicity of the plant and several phytoconstituents such as flavonoids, alkaloids, saponin, carotenoids, amides, sterols, ecdysteriods, terpenoids and phenolic compounds which are responsible for exhibiting the therapeutic activity of the plant and also highlights the various mechanisms which are responsible to produce desired pharmacological action of the plant.