Spectrum of acute kidney injury and its management in a Multispeciality Hospital located at Hyderabad

The main aim and objective is to study the various causes and to understand the treatment and management of acute kidney injury in general population and critically ill patients and to have a thorough knowledge about acute kidney injury occurrence and its condition.

A hospital based prospective, observational, non-invasive study was carried out on all the inpatients attending the nephrology department, MNR Hospital for a period of 12 months. All the patients of either sex attending the nephrology department and patients admitted in critical care unit were included in the study. Patients of age 30 years and above with various causes involved in acute kidney injury are considered and patients are segregated accordingly. Patients with end stage renal disease and nephrology outpatient department is excluded in the study.

During the study period, total 157 cases of acute kidney injury have been recorded. Out of 157 cases 70 (44.58%) were male and 87(55.41%) were female patients and among these 12 fatal cases have been recorded. In this study highest percentage of AKI was recorded in the age group of 51–60 yrs (31.5%). Sepsis (42.1%) was the most common cause of AKI. In this study based on the aetiology of AKI, maximum incidence was seen in pre-renal cause having 136 (86.62%) patients. Maximum patients were non-oliguric. Out of 157 patients 94 (59.8%) required dialysis management, 51 (32.4%) patients were managed with conservative treatment.

On the whole AKI is more common in critically ill patients who are in ICU. The majority of patients with AKI are in 51–60 years of age and most of them are managed with renal replacement therapy. Sepsis was found to be the most common cause of acute kidney injury. Through effective patient counselling clinical pharmacist can minimize the impact of drugs causing nephrotoxicity and improve the quality of life of patients with AKI. Early management is more beneficial for the patients to decrease the mortality rate.