Endophytes: A novel source of biologically active secondary metabolites

Most of the microorganisms are reported in various medicinal plant products which played a major role with respect to plant's health and development including human nutrition. In general, single plant species could possess and reported thousands of microbes recognized as epiphytes (near on plant tissue; rhizosphere and phyllosphere) or endophytes (residing microbes with in plant tissue). These microbes may totally depend on the colonization area of plant species. In this paper, we focused on various endophytic microorganisms and its correlation with various medicinal plants. As per the literature, endophytes reported on various medicinal plant products and its major role is to protect the plants from insects and animals. These endophytes are able to produce secondary metabolites that are beneficial in terms of human health nutrition or toxic against various pathogenic microorganisms. Now a day, endophytes are of great medicinal value in terms of protection that protects valuable crops from invasive insects. In this study, we highlighted the current and future strategies of endophytes (fungi and bacteria) with their host plants, which mainly contribute for production of desirable natural products along with bioactive secondary metabolites. This review aims to discuss about the contribution of secondary metabolites produced by various endophytic microbes and showing various immunopharmacological properties.