A review on invasive species in marine biofouling

Biofouling has become worldwide threat in the recent years. Scientists’ researching on biofouling is on peak aboard. There are organisms which colonize the underwater surfaces of ships such as spores of algae, barnacles, seaweeds, etc. which uses manifold array of biological glues to provide adhesion which is the result of biofouling. Invasive species hold world threat because of ships that introduce them the foreign environment through ballast waters and ship hulls. Sea trade expansion lead broad pathway for invasive species and promoted devastation of other native species. The ships struck with biofouling which travel over long distances, raises the content of CO₂ release to 14–31%. This increases the concentration of greenhouse gases which make invasive species deplete and finally vanish away. Invasive plant species are the key initiators of global change. Certain chemicals and protein coatings have come into light to resist the adhesion of various biofouling species. This review focuses on various effects of invasive species in marine biofouling and the eco-friendly ways to eradicate them.