The benefits of mackerel fish (Scomberomorus commersonii) extract to decrease inflammatory process

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that involve diarthrodial joints. Rheumatoid arthritis is a condition that induce oxidative stress. C-reactive protein (CRP) level increases as the respond to inflammation. Catalase level decrease because of oxidative stress. Mackerel fish contain omega 3 fatty acids, i.e. eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) that functions as anti inflammation and anti oxidant. Using adjuvant arthritic rat model of rheumatoid arthritis this paper aimed to determine the benefit of mackerel fish extract in reducing periarticular catalase and CRP level in rheumatoid arthritic patients. Twenty four male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were devided into 3 groups: 1) Group of rats without treatment. 2) Group of rats with adjuvant arthritis induced by injection intradermally 0.1 ml Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) on base tail. After 14 days, booster of 0.1 ml CFA were given intradermally on right and left dorsal hind feet. 3) Group of rats with adjuvant arthritis and received mackerel fish extract orally 12 gr/kgBW/day for 14 days at the time where symptoms of adjuvant arthritis appeared. At the end of experiment, periarticular tissue catalase level, CRP level and disease activity score were measured. Mackerel fish extract significantly increased periarticular tissue catalase level (p=0.029) and significantly decreased CRP (0.001) in adjuvant arthritic rats. Mackerel fish extract showed trend of decreased disease activity score in adjuvant arthritic rats, but was not statistically significant (p=0.333). Mackerel fish extract increased significantly periarticular tissue catalase and significantly decreased CRP level and tends to decrease disease activity score of adjuvant arthritic rats.