Comparison of bone regeneration in hADMSC versus hUCBMSC with hBMMSC as a reference: A literature review of potential bone regeneration

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an important class of stem cells that can differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. MSCs must express CD105, CD73, and CD90 and differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondroblasts. The beneficial effects of MSCs on bone remodeling are mainly provided by a paracrine effect. In bone regeneration, implanted hADMSCs secrete various osteoblast-activating factors, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), BMP-2, BMP-4, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and bone-related extracellular matrix proteins. The MSCs possess multipotent capabilities, paracrine, autocrine, and migration capacity to the tissue, directly initiating healing and regeneration with a specified standard. hADMSCs has demonstrated bone regenerative capabilities. DLX5 and RUNX2 as potential bone regeneration references by looking at the osteogenic cells of each source cell. The ability of hADMSC bone regeneration is higher than hUCBMSC due to the capacity of hADMSC osteogenesis which leads to bone and cartilage formation.