Anticancer activity of Peronema canescens jack leaves extracts against human cells: HT-29 and HeLa In vitro

Studies of in vitro cytotoxic activity of Sungkai leaf (Peronema canescens Jack) using a human colon and cervical cancer cells have not been reported to date; the report was still limited to bioactivity in seawater shrimp larvae. The leaves of this plant contain many secondary metabolites with potential cytotoxic activity. Plants were a source of natural medicinal ingredients for cancer treatment are known as herbal medicines. Anticancer activity of a natural substance, in vitro cell line assays, can be used. This study aimed to determine the cytotoxicity (IC₅₀) of P. canescens leaf of the chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extract against HT-29 colon cancer and HeLa cervical cancer cells. The P. canescens leaf was extracted by the maceration method using methanol solvent. The dried sample was separated by the liquid-liquid method and successive polarity gradient eluents: chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. Cell line to used HT-29 and HeLa cells, Cytotoxicity test with MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl azole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) method. The concentration used was from 1.5μg/mL to 200.0 μg/mL. The cytotoxic activity values (IC₅₀) of each extract on HT-29 and HeLa cells were chloroform (10.353 μg/mL and 38.913μg/mL), ethyl acetate (48.635μg/mL and 28.186μg/mL), and ethanol (42.017μg/mL), and 253.190μg/mL), respectively. The results showed that the cytotoxic activity of chloroform extracts had a strong cytotoxic effect and a moderate effect on HeLa cervical cancer cells. Anticancer research opportunities are wide open for further studies.