In vitro evaluation of antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties of panchagavya

Natural products have gained more attention in healthcare and treating various diseases because of their promising antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer activity. The current research focused on reporting the antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer activity of panchagavya (PG) which is a natural formulation of five cow products. The antibacterial activity of PG was studied against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, B. subtilis, and the maximum zone of inhibition was found to be 19.67±0.44, 23.50±0.29, 14.17±0.60, and 17.17±0.17mm respectively. The in vitro antioxidant study revealed the free radical scavenging activity of PG by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and hydrogen peroxide assays. The percentage of inhibition for the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals was found to be 34.62, 49.58, 57.64, 69.12 and 75.79% while the hydrogen peroxide radicals was 23.27, 34.47, 46.53, 59.71 and 72.74% at 50, 100, 150, 200, 250µg/mL respectively. PG showed significant anticancer activity against the HepG2 cell line in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 value of 122 µg/mL. The findings of the present study may be useful for the discovery of novel antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer agents from the natural cow products. However, further in vivo studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism of PG on cancerous cells.