1Doctoral Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
2Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Health Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah, Magelang, Indonesia
3Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
4Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
*Corresponding Author E-mail: a.k.nugroho@ugm.ac.id
Online published on 20 February, 2023.
Recombinant human erythropoietin (rh-Epo) is a glycoprotein hormone has not been per-oral due to low bioavailability. Double emulsion formula is a widely applied drug delivery system to improve the permeability of hydrophilic drugs. Nevertheless, thermodynamics and enzymatic stability are still being discussed. This review article aims to see how much possibilities rh-Epo is delivered orally using a double emulsion formula. This review article reviews the weaknesses, strengths, opportunities, threats, and strategies for developing formulas for administering protein-based drugs in the form of a double emulsion. Based on the review, the double emulsion can be potential applied by double emulsion which is obtained a permeation enhancer and protease inhibitors addition, the use of non-ionic surfactants, and medium-chain triglyceride, as well as reducing droplet size and shifting charge droplet.
Review, Erythropoietin, Protein, Per oral, Double emulsion, Multiple emulsion
