Antiviral potential of medicinal plants against influenza viruses: A systematic review

Influenza is a considerable public health hazard that affects people worldwide. Effective diagnosis and timely treatment are critical for the influenza virus. The current review primarily focuses on isolating a novel, cost-effective anti-influenza viral. Several natural bioactive compounds have precious therapeutic potential. We have shortlisted twenty-one medicinal plants with potent antiviral properties effective at different stages of replication of the influenza virus. Certain extracts of these medicinal plants are gaining popularity compared to synthetic drugs due to their safety and broad-spectrum action. Our meta-analysis focuses on various characteristics of the medicinal plant extracts that help prevent and spread the influenza virus in the early stages. Oseltamivir, zanamivir, amantadine, and rimantadine are used to inhibit the activity of neuraminidase and matrix-2 proteins. However, they have side effects. Their inappropriate doses may cause mutation and confer resistance to the antivirals. According to the circulating strain, the influenza vaccine needs to be updated every year. As a result, chemically synthetic drugs and the current vaccination are not long-term solutions. Thus, we focus on plant metabolites, which are less harmful, permanent cures, and cost-effective than synthetic drugs.