Effect of Euphorbia hirta ethanol extract on Salmonella typhimurium - infected typhoid fever in BALB/c mice

Typhoid fever is still become problem in whole world, especially in developing country. This disease is caused by infection with Salmonella typhimurium bacteria in the small intestine which then spreads to the liver and spleen. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Euphorbia hirta ethanol extract (EHEE) on mice infected with S. typhimurium. The experimental animals used were male mice aged 8-10 weeks and weighing 20- 25g. Typhoid fever was carried out by administering S. typhimurium bacterial infection. The division of the group consisted of a K- group (without bacterial induction and without extract therapy), K+ group (S. typhimurium induction without extract therapy), P1 group (extract therapy dose of 500mg/kg), P2 group (extract therapy dose of 1000mg/kg), and treatment 3 (chloramphenicol therapy dose of 130mg/kg). Data were converted into histogram using Excel program. The results of this study indicated that EHEE extract showed decrease bacterial colonies in the spleen and small intestine and also ameliorate of liver histopathological injury. EHEE extract was also reduced the thickness and surface area in small intestine. This is related to the higher content of antioxidant and antibacterial active compounds owned by EHEE.