The effect of moringa leaves aqueous extract to ovarian sodium dismutase and apoptotic index in rats treated with depomedroxyprogesterone acetate

Depomedroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) is a widely used progestin based contraception. The long term use of this contraception could be unpleasant including the disruption of ovarian hormonal production resulting the excessive oxidative stress. Oxidative stress affects the entire reproductive organ including uterus and ovaries even after the reproductive lifespan finished (menopause). Oxidative stress result as an imbalance between pro-oxidant and antioxidant level. Moringa oleifera leaves extract is known to have a high antioxidant compound such as flavonoid, fenolic, saponin, steroid, tannin, and terpenoid. This antioxidant activity has been displayed by the increase of antioxidant enzyme such as glutathione (GSH), sodium dismutase (SOD), catalase, and also significantly reduce the lipid peroxidation process. Previous studies have been explained the function of this antioxidant to reproductive organ. Despite of this, the SODand apoptotic rate of ovarian granulosa cells have not yet been explored in the aqueous extraction of Moringa oleifera leaves. Sodium dismutaseis the main antioxidant enzyme with the central role in stress oxidative elimination. Meanwhile the apoptoticrate in the ovarian granulosa cells reflects the damage in the ovarian tissuethus reduce reproduction performance. In this report, we investigated the effect of Moringa oleifera leaves aqueous extract on SOD antioxidant using spectrophotometry SOD assay kit in DMPA exposed rats model. In addition, the apoptotic index in the granulosa ovarian cell was also assessed. We showed thatadministration of moringa oleifera leaves aqueous extract with the dose dependent manner would significantly increase the SOD level in the DMPA exposed rats model. Moreover, the increased of this antioxidant dose was dramatically reduced the apoptotic index in the ovarian granulosa cell. This result confirmed the high effect of moringa oleifera leaves aqueous extract as the potential plant to reduce oxidative stress with the huge impact on the reproductive organ.