Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology
SCOPUS
  • Year: 2023
  • Volume: 16
  • Issue: 9

Analysis of IFN-γ and CD4+ responses in comorbid and adult immunized cynomolgus monkey with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate

  • Author:
  • Florentina Evelyn Purnomo1, Sri Agus Sudjarwo2, Suryo Kuncorojakti3,4, Heni Puspitasari4, Rofiqul A’la4, Andi Yasmin Wijaya4, Helen Susilowati4, Diyantoro4,5, Nusdianto Triakoso6, Boedi Setiawan7, Fedik Abdul Rantam4,8,*
  • Total Page Count: 7
  • Page Number: 4206 to 4212

1Master’s Student, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia

2Pharmacology Laboratory Division of Basic Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia

3Histology Laboratory Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia

4Research Center for Vaccine Technology and Development, Institute of Tropical Disease, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia

5Department of Health Science, Faculty of Vocational Studies, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia

6Internal Medicine Department, Airlangga University Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia

7Clinical Surgery Department, Airlangga University Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia

8Virology and Immunology Laboratory Division of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia

*Corresponding Author E-mail: fedik-a-r@fkh.unair.ac.id

Online Published on 25 January, 2024.

Abstract

Vaccination as prevention to hold back the spread of COVID-19 is important since it is the most concerning health issue in the last decade. Inactivated vaccine platforms considered safer, especially for elderly and comorbid patients. Comorbidities especially Tuberculosis and Hepatitis B, has a major impact to COVID-19 infections and vaccination. To evaluate infections or vaccine response IFN- γ and CD4+ are important. IFN-γ has a role in antiviral innate response, including initiation of other cytokines, increasing MHC expression, increasing presentation of macrophage, and increasing presentation of antigen to T cell Naïve. CD4+ is associated with humoral immune response. Cynomolgus Monkey or known as Macaca fascicularis. Specifying to comorbid patients, adult Macaca fascicularis that are detected to have hepatitis B and Tuberculosis (TBC) by PCR were treated as a comorbid group. Adult Macaca fascicularis that used in this research have range from 6 to 9 years old. This study was analysed with SPSS 26 general linear model repeated measures analysis with p<0.05.

To evaluate IFN- γ and CD4+ response of vaccination.

The result of this study showed significant (p < 0.05) increase in IFN-γ and CD4+ evaluation in both comorbid and adult groups. The elevating concentration and percentage could be the sign of induced humoral and adaptive immune system in the body.

SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine candidate that used in this study can increase the number of IFN-γ concentration as well as percentage of CD4+ in adult and comorbid groups of Cynomolgus Macaques.

Keywords

COVID-19, IFN-γ, CD4+, Hepatitis B, Tuberculosis