Study of Lipid Complex Composition of Portulaca oleracea L. Herbs

The lipid complex of the aboveground part of Portulaca oleracea L., which constitutes around 2.0% of the plant material, was thoroughly analyzed using a combination of advanced techniques including GC-MS, GC-FID and ¹H NMR spectroscopy. The study delved into the qualitative and quantitative composition of various components such as fatty acids, tocopherols, sterols, and triterpene alcohols present in the lipid complex. The primary structural element identified in the complex is wax, with prominent percentages of α-linolenic (23.5%), linoleic (24.7%), and palmitic (25.3%) acids. The tocopherol content in the lipid complex was found to be approximately 0.02%, with β- and γ-tocopherols making up to 40% of the fraction. Additionally, δ-tocopherol and α-tocopherol were present in roughly equal amounts, each constituting about 30% of the tocopherol content. The lipid complex also contains sterols and triterpene alcohols, with a total content of 691.3 mg/100g (0.7%) in the fraction. The main components of this fraction included β-sitosterol (44.0%), Δ7-sitosterol (13.2%), and cycloartenol (7.7%). These detailed analyses highlight the potential of Portulaca oleracea L. as a promising raw material for the extraction of a lipid complex, offering opportunities for further pharmacotherapeutic research and applications.