1Master Program of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
7Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, Indonesia
2Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Teaching Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
5Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
6Postgraduate School of Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
3Universitas Airlangga Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
4Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Teaching Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF-15) has been identified as a biomarker of cellular stress conditions and has demonstrated functional implications in kidney disease, metabolic disorders, and diabetes. However, the relationship between GDF-15 and the coexistence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the association between GDF-15 levels and the presence of CKD in patients with T2DM, then analyze the cut off value.
A cross-sectional study was conducted, enrolling a total of 60 patients. T2DM patients were categorized into two groups based on the presence or absence of CKD. Serum GDF-15 levels were quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit.
The study population (n=60) predominantly consisted of male individuals with an average age of 53 years. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.846 (95% CI = 0.748 - 0.945) with a statistically significant p-value of < 0.001. The optimal cut-off value for serum GDF-15 to detect the presence of CKD was determined as 362.80 pg/mL, with corresponding sensitivity and specificity values of 77% and 79%, respectively. Furthermore, a significant association between GDF-15 levels and both T2DM without CKD and T2DM with CKD was observed (p < 0.001).
There is a significant association observed between serum GDF-15 levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and the presence of CKD. The cut of value GDF-15 to detect the presence of CKD was determined as 362.80 pg/mL with sensitivity and specificity values of 77% and 79%, this is can be considered as a potential biomarker for the detection of CKD in individuals with T2DM.
GDF 15, CKD, DM, T2DM
