1Master Program of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
2Postgraduate School, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
3Division of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Generasi Biologi Indonesia Foundation, Gresik, Indonesia
4Bachelor Program of Biotechnology, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
5Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
6Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences, Jakarta, Indonesia
7Bioinformatics and Data Science Research Center, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia
8Department of Educational Biology, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, Indonesia
9Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Mulawarman University, Samarinda, Indonesia
10Department of Veterinary, Sharakim University of Semey, Semey, Kazakhstan
11Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Ural State Agrarian University, Yekaterinburg, RussiaRussian Federation
12Department of Scientific Research, K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies, and Management (The First Cossack University), Moscow, RussiaRussian Federation
13Center for Biotechnology of Animal Reproduction, South Ural State Agrarian University, Troitsk, RussiaRussian Federation
14Department of Infectious Disease and Veterinary, South Ural State Agrarian University, Troitsk, RussiaRussian Federation
15Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
16Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, Indonesia
T cell immunity, like responses of CD4+and CD8+ T-cell, plays an important role to fight against viral infections and pathological harm. Several previous studies have shown the results that rabies virus (RABV) protein can act as an ideal receptor for rabies neuroseptic vaccine by inducing a response of T-cell. In this research, we evaluated possible vaccine epitopes based on the Rabies virus sequence and human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) distribution. First, this study used the rabies virus protein P sequence obtained from the NCBI database. Next, we predicted rabies CTL protein epitopes based on the frequency of HLA-I distribution allele locus A, B, and C in Southeast Asia region (> 1%) using Immune Epitope Database and Analysis Resource (iedb.org). Our results predict the presence of 12 epitopes of the protein P RABV. A cluster analysis of epitopes shows that seven P-protein clusters cover 97.47% of the Southeast Asian population. After a conservative epitope analysis, 8 epitopes of protein P showed protection in 11 different types of isolated Rabies virus. Finally, 4 epitopes (SQTVEEIISY119-128; RSSGIFLYNF218-227, ASGPPALEW178-186, IISYVTVNF125-133) were used to vaccinate 97.47% of people in Southeast Asia. Our results suggest that both single and combined CTL epitopes which were predicted in this study can be used as a more effective alternative vaccine against rabies virus’ infections and development.
Immunoinformatics, Rabies Virus, T-Cell Epitope, Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)
