1Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences (MCOPS), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
2Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences (MCOPS), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
3Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences (MCOPS), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
4Department of Pharmacognosy, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences (MCOPS), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
*Corresponding Author E-mail: krishna.mbs@manipal.edu
Online published on 24 April, 2025.
The present study involves the preparation of co-crystal forms of clotrimazole with co-formers namely nicotinic acid and naringenin. Clotrimazole is a BCS class II drug withlow solubility and high permeability. Hence by preparing the co-crystal, an attempt has been made to improve its solubility. Based on thehydrogen bond formation between the API and co-former, two co-formers were selected: nicotinic acid and naringenin. The co-crystals of clotrimazole with nicotinic acid and naringenin were prepared in the molar ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1 using dry grinding and solvent evaporation. PXRD, DSC and FTIR confirmed the formation of co-crystals. The solubility of co-crystals of clotrimazole with nicotinic acid was increased 2.07 folds for the ratios 1:2 prepared by solvent evaporation method compared to pure clotrimazole. The saturation solubility was also increased for the co-crystals of clotrimazole with naringenin by 2 folds for the ratio 2:1 prepared by solvent evaporation method compared to pure clotrimazole.
Co-crystals, Clotrimazole, Nicotinic acid, Naringenin, Co-formers, Hydrogen bonding, Solubility, BCS class II drug
