A Pharmacological Analysis of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Diabetes and the Complications Associated

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder, if not managed properly can lead to cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, cataract, and foot injury issues. New medicines are remain in demand despite the advent of biguanides, sulfonylureas, and thiazolidinediones. New oral anti-diabetic medications like sodium-glucose co-transporter inhibitors can ameliorates diabetes also the risk of diabetic cardiovascular complications. The goal of this study was to compare effect of SGLT2 inhibitors like Canagliflozin, Dapagliflozin, Empagliflozin, and Remogliflozin in an in-vivo model of diabetes and its major complications.

The Streptozotocin model was used to induce the diabetes and complications in rats. Various parameters were analysed for diabetes (blood glucose, HbA1C level) and its related complications like nephropathy (creatinine, CK-MB levels), neuropathy (Tail flick test) for cardiovascular complications lipids levels like LDL, VLDL, Cholesterol levels and monitoring blood pressure throughout the experiment, Retinopathy (Transparency of lens) At the end, histopathology of different organs were also studied.

All selected SGLT2 inhibitors, Canagliflozin, Dapagliflozin, Empagliflozin and Remogliflozin shown excellent in-vivo antioxidant potential and having protective effects against diabetes and its complications like Cardiovascular, nephropathy and Neuropathy. In our study among other SGLT2 inhibitors Remogliflozin showed significant effect managing blood glucose levels, HbA1C, creatinine, CK-MB, lipid levels, increased latency time in tail flick test and decrease in the progression of lens abnormalities and maturation of cataract.