Recent development of nose-to-brain delivery as inhalable dry nanoparticles for the treatment of migraine

Headache serves as a prevalent symptom across various diseases and disorders, with migraines notably exerting a substantial impact on an individual's daily well-being and occupational functionality. Immediate management of migraines assumes pivotal significance due to the prolonged and debilitating nature of associated symptoms. Migraines commonly manifest in two forms: migraine with aura and migraine without aura. Afflicted individuals often contend with enduring symptoms such as phonophobia, photophobia, and manifestations akin to vomiting. Traditional medications necessitate a protracted timeframe, often exceeding 1-2 hours, for alleviating pain induced by migraines. The innovative approach of nose-to-brain drug delivery emerges as a promising strategy in addressing neurological conditions, offering the advantage of mitigating undesired side effects compared to conventional pharmaceutical interventions. By specifically targeting the olfactory and trigeminal nerves, this method circumvents the Blood-Brain-Barrier (BBB), thereby yielding more favorable therapeutic outcomes. Although diverse nano formulations have been developed, the concept of nano inhalable dry powder stands out as an optimal modality for migraine treatment. This comprehensive review encapsulates the existing pharmacotherapeutic landscape for migraine treatment, delving into the diverse modalities employed in the development of dry powder formulations, elucidating their inherent advantages, and contemplating the future trajectory of nano-inhalable dry powder applications in migraine therapeutics.