Beneficial effect of Lactiplantibacillus pentosus on oxidative stress and histopathology in high-fat-induced mice

Probiotics have been widely used to treat lipid metabolism disorders associated with obesity by modifying the microbiota balance. Probiotics play a role in health by maintaining intestinal homeostasis, alienating pathogens, increasing nutrient bioavailability, and stimulating and modulating the immune system. Various local probiotics have also been developed as a source of probiotics to assist with health issues. One is the probiotic Lactoplantibacilus pentosus, which comes from dadih (traditional fermented buffalo milk from West Sumatera ). This research aimed to assess the impact of Lactoplantibacilus pentosus on oxidative stress, adipose tissue, and liver histopathology in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Methods: The experimental setup involved dividing mice into four groups, each consisting of seven animals. These groups were randomly assigned to one of four dietary regimens: ND (Normal Diet), HFD (High Fat Diet), HFDL (High Fat Diet supplemented with L. pentosus at 10⁹ CFU/ml), and HDLFL (High Fat Diet supplemented with fermented milk containing L. pentosus at 10⁹ CFU/ml). In the HFDL and HDLFL groups, L. pentosus was delivered orally once a day for six weeks at a 1 × 10⁹ CFU/mL dosage. Result: Following a 6-week high-fat diet, the HFD group had a 24.30% higher body weight than ND group. The HDLFL group exhibited a lower body weight (23.78±0.84g) compared to the HFD group (26.59 ± 1.17g), with a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). Animals given probiotics had higher antioxidant SOD levels and lower MDA levels than the HFD group. Adipocyte hypertrophy, observed in animals on a high-fat diet, was mitigated by the administration of fermented milk and Lactobacillus pentosus. The HFD group exhibited higher levels of steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis, and necrosis in the liver compared to the normal diet group. Steatosis, inflammation, necrosis, and fibrotic scores decreased in the HFD group given Lactiplantibacillus pentosus fermented milk. Conclusion: Lactobacillus pentosus derived from dadih has been shown to reduce obesity, hepatic steatosis, and oxidative stress in people who regularly consume high-fat diets.